This page will be updated regularly as I think of new terms that should go on it.
Ameloblast
A specialised epithelial cell responsible for laying down enamel during tooth development.
Armamentarium
Consists of the syringe, needle and cartridge.
Ectoderm
The embryonic tissue that gives rise to the nervous system and body surfaces including enamel and the epidermis. The neural crest is also derived from the ectoderm.
Ectomesenchyme
See Neural crest
Enamel
Hardest substance in the body made from ameloblasts during tooth development. Composed of calcium and potassium, mostly in the form of hydroxyapatite.
Endoderm
The embryonic tissue that gives rise to much of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and endocrine glands including the liver and pancreas.
Hydroxyapatite
The potassium and calcium mineral - Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 - found in enamel, dentine, cementum and bone. Highest concentration is found in enamel. The OH ion can be replaced with fluoride which makes the mineral harder.
Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Originates from the mandibular nerve, one of the branches of the trigeminal nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve carries sensory information from all the teeth, the bone and gum of the mandible. The inferior alveolar nerve gives rise to the mental nerve.
Mesenchyme
Originates from the mesoderm and forms connective tissue - bone and cartilage - among other things.
Mesoderm
The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all the tissues of the teeth except enamel. Also gives rise to muscle and bone.
Methaemoglobinaemia
Higher than normal methaemogolobin in the blood. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, cyanosis and loss of consciousness. Methaemoglobin is a form of haemoglobin that does not bind oxygen. Methaemoglobinaemia can be caused by the local anaesthetics prilocaine and articaine.
Neural crest
A transient component of the ectoderm that appears during the formation of the neural tube. The neural crest cells migrate after the neural tube has closed and give rise to the bones and muscles of the face. These cells are also referred to as 'ectomesenchyme' because they behave like mesenchyme, but unlike the mesenchyme, they are derived from the ectoderm.
Pericoronitis
Swelling and infection of the gums surrounding a tooth. Common in partially-erupted third molars.
Periodontium
The tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth. Periodontium consists of alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva, and periodontal ligament.
Signs
Features of a medical condition seen by the dentist.
Symptoms
Features of a medical condition experienced by the patient
Syndrome
Literally means 'runs together'. A syndrome is a medical condition characterised by a collection of signs and symptoms that often occur together and which usually has no clear cause.
Trigeminal Nerve
The fifth cranial nerve. Three branches: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) nerves.
Trismus
Inability to open mouth. Most commonly caused by a pericoronitis of the third molar or inflammation of the muscles of mastication.
Ameloblast
A specialised epithelial cell responsible for laying down enamel during tooth development.
Armamentarium
Consists of the syringe, needle and cartridge.
Ectoderm
The embryonic tissue that gives rise to the nervous system and body surfaces including enamel and the epidermis. The neural crest is also derived from the ectoderm.
Ectomesenchyme
See Neural crest
Enamel
Hardest substance in the body made from ameloblasts during tooth development. Composed of calcium and potassium, mostly in the form of hydroxyapatite.
Endoderm
The embryonic tissue that gives rise to much of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and endocrine glands including the liver and pancreas.
Hydroxyapatite
The potassium and calcium mineral - Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 - found in enamel, dentine, cementum and bone. Highest concentration is found in enamel. The OH ion can be replaced with fluoride which makes the mineral harder.
Inferior Alveolar Nerve
Originates from the mandibular nerve, one of the branches of the trigeminal nerve. The inferior alveolar nerve carries sensory information from all the teeth, the bone and gum of the mandible. The inferior alveolar nerve gives rise to the mental nerve.
Mesenchyme
Originates from the mesoderm and forms connective tissue - bone and cartilage - among other things.
Mesoderm
The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all the tissues of the teeth except enamel. Also gives rise to muscle and bone.
Methaemoglobinaemia
Higher than normal methaemogolobin in the blood. Signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, cyanosis and loss of consciousness. Methaemoglobin is a form of haemoglobin that does not bind oxygen. Methaemoglobinaemia can be caused by the local anaesthetics prilocaine and articaine.
Neural crest
A transient component of the ectoderm that appears during the formation of the neural tube. The neural crest cells migrate after the neural tube has closed and give rise to the bones and muscles of the face. These cells are also referred to as 'ectomesenchyme' because they behave like mesenchyme, but unlike the mesenchyme, they are derived from the ectoderm.
Pericoronitis
Swelling and infection of the gums surrounding a tooth. Common in partially-erupted third molars.
Periodontium
The tissue that surrounds and supports the teeth. Periodontium consists of alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva, and periodontal ligament.
Signs
Features of a medical condition seen by the dentist.
Symptoms
Features of a medical condition experienced by the patient
Syndrome
Literally means 'runs together'. A syndrome is a medical condition characterised by a collection of signs and symptoms that often occur together and which usually has no clear cause.
Trigeminal Nerve
The fifth cranial nerve. Three branches: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) nerves.
Trismus
Inability to open mouth. Most commonly caused by a pericoronitis of the third molar or inflammation of the muscles of mastication.
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